What is the meaning of the word 'vitriolic'?

The term 'vitriolic' is derived from the Latin word 'vitriol', which refers to sulfuric acid and suggests a sense of sharpness or corrosiveness. When used in a metaphorical sense, it describes language or criticism that is particularly bitter and scathing. This aligns with the idea of being caustic and effectively damaging in tone. In this context, 'vitriolic' denotes more than just being harsh; it involves an intense level of bitterness that can hurt or harm the subject of such remarks.

The other options, while they describe negative traits, do not capture the full essence of what 'vitriolic' conveys. Some may suggest varying degrees of aggression or hostility, but they lack the specific implication of bitterness and corrosiveness associated with 'vitriolic'. Thus, the choice that describes a harsh and intensely scathing nature is the most accurate reflection of the word's meaning.